Use TPL/ TaskCompletionSouce to Implement DownloadAsync

Using Task create non-blocking, TaskCompletionSource SetResult helps send result accross
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task<string> t = DownloadAsync();
            Console.WriteLine("Do some other work while wating for Async Donwload");
            Thread.Sleep(3000);
            Console.WriteLine("other work done");
            t.ContinueWith((t1) => { Console.WriteLine(t1.Result); });
            // Task.WaitAny(new[] { t }); Wait =Readline to keep program running
           // Console.WriteLine(t.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static Task DownloadAsync()
        {
            TaskCompletionSource<string> ts = new TaskCompletionSource<string>();
            string i="";
            Task.Factory.StartNew(()=> { i = DownloadSync(); }).ContinueWith((t)=>
            { ts.SetResult(i); });
            return ts.Task;

        }
        
        static string DownloadSync()
        {
            Thread.Sleep(5000);
            return "Data";
        }

Convert Property Change to Observable

INPC enable binding V <-> VM and need ICommand to execute request to Server side. It is interesting to see if Observables in Rx running on
a TaskPoolScheduler can do the same as Delagete or Relay Command. Both FromEventPattern and CLR event should work

    public class ViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public string Cusip { get; set; }
        public double Ask { get;set; }

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        public IObservable<Tuple<T, string>> OnSubmitChanges<T>(Expression<Func<ViewModel, T>> exp)
        {
            MemberExpression me = exp.Body as MemberExpression;
            string n = me.Member.Name;
            Func<ViewModel, T> f = exp.Compile();
            T i = f.Invoke(this);
            return Observable.Return(new Tuple<T,string>(i,n));
        }

        public ViewModel()
        {
            PropertyChanged += ViewModel_PropertyChanged;
//  Observable.FromEventPattern<PropertyChangedEventHandler, PropertyChangedEventArgs>(hh => hh.Invoke, h => this.PropertyChanged += h, h => this.PropertyChanged -= h)
                .Subscribe((e) => { ViewModel_PropertyChanged(this, e.EventArgs); });
        }

        private void ViewModel_PropertyChanged(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
// From Event Pattern does not need subscribe again. Direct call Server side is enougth.
            if (e.PropertyName == "Cusip")
                OnSubmitChanges(vm => vm.Cusip).Subscribe((i) => { Console.WriteLine("Call IVMController->IModObsAdapter->IModObsTransport->QueueAsObserver " + i); }); //459200-10-1 //912828NB2
            if (e.PropertyName == "Ask")
                OnSubmitChanges(vm => vm.Ask).Subscribe((i) => { Console.WriteLine("Hit bid lift offer " + i); });

        }
    }


        private static void TestConvertPropChangeToObservable()
        {
            ViewModel v = new ViewModel();
            v.Cusip = "912828NB2";
            v.OnSubmitChanges(vm => vm.Cusip).Subscribe((i) => { Console.WriteLine("Call IVMController->IModObsAdapter->IModObsTransport->QueueAsObserver " + i); }); //459200-10-1 //912828NB2
            v.Ask = 98.23;
            v.OnSubmitChanges(vm => vm.Ask).Subscribe((i) => { Console.WriteLine("Hit bid lift offer " + i); }); 

        }

F# Async through Agent= inbox as Queue

Agent are mailbox and can run async block, similar to run a async block inside a function.




open System
open System.Net 
open Microsoft.FSharp.Control.WebExtensions 
open System.Diagnostics 
open System.IO 


let urlList= ["cnn" , "http://www.cnn.com"
              "china", "http://www.china.com"
             ]


let fetch( url :string) = 
        let uri = new Uri(url)
        let c = new WebClient()
        let html =c.DownloadString(uri)
        printfn "%s" html

let fetchAsync(n: string, url :string) = 
    async {
        let uri = new Uri(url)
        let c = new WebClient()
        let! html =c.AsyncDownloadString(uri)
        printfn "%s" html
    }

let runAsync() =
    urlList 
    |> Seq.map fetchAsync
    |> Async.Parallel 
    |> Async.RunSynchronously 

let runSync() = 
    "http://www.cnn.com"
    |> fetch


let s= new StreamWriter("c:\working\1.txt",true)
s.AutoFlush <-true
let agent =
    MailboxProcessor.Start( fun inbox ->
     async {    while true do
                let! msg =inbox.Receive()
               // fetch(msg)
                s.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString()+ " "+msg);
                })


[]
let main arg =
    runSync()
    fetch("http://www.cnn.com")
    
    runAsync() |> ignore
 
    agent.Post("http://www.cnn.com")
    agent.Post("http://www.china.com")
    agent.Post("http://www.goolge.com")
    agent.Post("http://www.fb.com")
    let mutable b=true
    let mutable n=1
    Console.ReadLine() |> ignore
    while b do
        n<-n+1
        if n>1000 then
            b <-false
        agent.Post(n.ToString())

    Console.ReadLine() |> ignore
    s.Close()
    0

    

Generate Observables

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DateTime dtStart = DateTime.Now;
            var txns = GenerateObservable<Transaction>(3, dt => new Transaction() { id = "txn " + dt.ToString() }, 3, dt => dt < dtStart.AddSeconds(120));
            var bsds = GenerateObservable<Transaction>(1, dt => new BondStaticData() { id = "bsd " + dt.ToString() }, 3, dt => dt < dtStart.AddSeconds(10));

            txns.CombineLatest(bsds,(t,b)=> t.id+" "+b.id).Subscribe(s=>Console.WriteLine(s));

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static IObservable GenerateObservable<T>(int seconds4Iteration, Func<DateTime,T> newT, int nextInSeconds,Func<DateTime,bool> continuation)
        {
            DateTime dtStart = DateTime.Now;
            return Observable.Generate(dtStart, continuation, dt => dt.AddSeconds(seconds4Iteration), newT, dt => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(nextInSeconds));
        }
    }

Await a Task Completion Source Task for Async Data

The following can be modified to use yield return and observables
 private async void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            await Test();
        }
        Task Test()
        {
            WebClient w = new WebClient();
            return w.DownloadStringTaskAsync("");
        }

        Task RunCodeBlockAsync()
        {
            var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource();
            WebClient w = new WebClient();
            w.DownloadStringCompleted +=
                (_, args) =>
                {
                    tcs.SetResult(args.Result);
                };
            return tcs.Task;
        }

Context Menu style must be applied to MenuItem Level by ItemContainerStyle to avoid delegate command bind to the same target

Context Menu style must be applied to MenuItem Level by ItemContainerStyle

Using TextBox.ContextMenu will create two instances of the style s1 so it will not bind only one textbox by Multiple binding.

        <TextBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="30" Margin="10,554,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="TextBox" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="211" Name="tb1" >
            <TextBox.ContextMenu>
                <ContextMenu ItemsSource="{Binding Mode=OneWay,Path=SelectorData}" ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource s1}"></ContextMenu>
            </TextBox.ContextMenu>
        </TextBox>

            <Style TargetType="MenuItem" x:Key="s1">
                <Setter Property="ItemsSource" Value="{Binding SubSelectorData}"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="Header" Value="{Binding Name}"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="Tag" Value="{Binding ReturnValue}"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="Command" Value="{Binding SelectorCommand}"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="CommandParameter">
                    <Setter.Value>
                        <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource multiSenderTarget2CmdParamConv}">
                            <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type TextBox}}"></Binding>
                            <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}"></Binding>
                        </MultiBinding>
                    </Setter.Value>
                </Setter>
           
            </Style>


public List<SelectorData> SelectorData { get; set; }

            SelectorService svc = new SelectorService();
            svc.SelectorCommandAll = new DelegateCommand<object>((p) =>
            {
                Tuple<object, object> t = p as Tuple<object, object>;
                TextBox tb = t.Item1 as TextBox;
                MenuItem mi = t.Item2 as MenuItem;
                tb.Text = mi.Tag.ToString() + ";" + mi.Header.ToString();

            });

    public class MutipleSenderTargetToCommandParameterConverter : System.Windows.Data.IMultiValueConverter
    {
        public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
        {
            if (values.Length == 1) return new Tuple<object>(values[0]);
            if (values.Length == 2) return new Tuple<object, object>(values[0], values[1]);


        <Style x:Key="ssOnlyOneInstanceNotWorking" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}" >
            <Setter Property="TextBox.ContextMenu" >
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ContextMenu ItemsSource="{Binding Mode=OneWay,Path=SelectorData}" ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource s1}"></ContextMenu>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>


    public class SelectorData
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public List<SelectorData> SubSelectorData { get; set; }
        public bool HasSubSelectorData { get; set; }
        public int Level { get; set; }
        public DelegateCommand<object> SelectorCommand { get; set; }
        public string ReturnValue { get; set; }
    }

Self Arrange Top Windows

WPF Desktop App can Popup multiple full size windows randomly and confuse users. So it is useful to create a list storing these windows and arrange their display as One Full size with all other as thumbnail hanging to the side.


The following code implement what is shown in the screen shot. Note this assume one dispatcher due to threading issues. i.e all windows must pop up from on dispatcher.


Code for a window self arrange:
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace WpfApplication1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for Window1.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Window2 : Window
    {
        #region declaration
        public IObservable<System.Reactive.EventPattern<EventArgs>> WindowLocationChangedRxEventArgs { get; set; }
        public IObservable<System.Reactive.EventPattern<MouseButtonEventArgs>> WindowMouseDownRxEventArgs { get; set; }
        public IObservable<System.Reactive.EventPattern<MouseEventArgs>> HeaderPreviewMouseMoveRxEventArgs { get; set; }

        public bool SwitchInProgress { get; set; }
        public static SortedList<DateTime, Window2> TopWindowList { get; set; }
        public Guid ID { get; set; }
        public DateTime AddedAt { get; set; }
        public static Point LocationOfArrangement { get; set; }

        #endregion

        #region Contructor

        public Window2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            WindowStyle = System.Windows.WindowStyle.None;
            ResizeMode = System.Windows.ResizeMode.NoResize;
            ID = Guid.NewGuid();
            AddedAt = DateTime.Now;
            AddToList();
            ToolTip = ID.ToString();

            #region Event to Rx Observable

            WindowLocationChangedRxEventArgs = from evt in Observable.FromEventPattern<EventHandler, EventArgs>(h => this.LocationChanged += h, h => this.LocationChanged -= h)
                                         select evt;

            WindowLocationChangedRxEventArgs.Subscribe(evt =>
                {
                    Window2 w = evt.Sender as Window2;
                        if (w.IsFullSize && !w.SwitchInProgress)
                        {
                            LocationOfArrangement = new Point(w.Left, w.Top);
                            w.ArrangeDisplay();
                        }
                        if (w.SwitchInProgress) w.SwitchInProgress = false;        
                });

            WindowMouseDownRxEventArgs = from evt in Observable.FromEventPattern<MouseButtonEventHandler, MouseButtonEventArgs>(h => MouseDown += h, h => MouseDown -= h)
                               select evt;
            WindowMouseDownRxEventArgs.Subscribe(evt =>
                {
                    Window2 w = evt.Sender as Window2;
                    if (w.IsFullSize) return;
                    SwitchInProgress = true;
                    ArrangeDisplay(true);

                });

            HeaderPreviewMouseMoveRxEventArgs = from evt in Observable.FromEventPattern<MouseEventHandler, MouseEventArgs>(h => header.PreviewMouseMove += h, h => header.PreviewMouseMove -= h)
                                                select evt;

            HeaderPreviewMouseMoveRxEventArgs.Subscribe(evt => {
                if (evt.EventArgs.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed)
                {
                    DragMove();
                }
            });

            #endregion

            t1.Text = "Just for Identication: " + ID + " " + AddedAt.ToString();
            t2.Text = "Managed Thread Id " + System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        }

        static Window2()
        {
            TopWindowList = new SortedList<DateTime, Window2>();
            LocationOfArrangement = new Point(300, 300);
        }

        #endregion

        #region List

        public void RemoveFromListById(Guid id)
        {
           var w= TopWindowList.FirstOrDefault(_=>_.Value.ID==id);
            TopWindowList.Remove(w.Key);
        }

        public void AddToList()
        {
            Window2 w = (from _ in TopWindowList.Values  where _.ID == this.ID select _).FirstOrDefault();
            if (w == null)
            {
                TopWindowList.Add(AddedAt, this);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Arrange

        public void ArrangeDisplay(bool MakeMeFullSize = false)
        {
                ArrangeSize(MakeMeFullSize);
                ArrangeLocaton();
                ToggleContent();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Content
        public void ShowFullContent()
        {
                    v.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Collapsed;
                    g.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Visible;
        }

        public void ShowSmallContent()
        {
            v.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
            g.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Collapsed;
        }
        private void ToggleContent()
        {
            foreach (var t in TopWindowList.Values)
            {
                if (t.IsFullSize)  t.ShowFullContent();
                else t.ShowSmallContent();
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Location

        private void ArrangeLocaton()
        {
            Window2 prevThumbnail = null;
            TopWindowList.OrderBy(_ => _.Key);
            for (int i = 0; i < TopWindowList.Values.Count;i++ )
            {
                var t = TopWindowList.Values[i];
                if (t.IsFullSize)
                {
                           t.Top = LocationOfArrangement.Y;
                           t.Left = LocationOfArrangement.X;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (prevThumbnail == null)
                    {

                           t.Top = LocationOfArrangement.Y;
                           t.Left = LocationOfArrangement.X - t.Width - 2;

                    }
                    else
                    {
                        double d1 = 0;
                        double d2 = 0;
                            d1 = prevThumbnail.Top + prevThumbnail.Height;
                            d2 = prevThumbnail.Left;

                           t.Top = d1 + 2;
                           t.Left = d2;
 
                    }
                    prevThumbnail = t;
                }

            }
            
        }

        #endregion

        #region Sizing

        private bool IsFullSize { get; set; }
        private void ShowFullSize()
        {
            ResizeMode = System.Windows.
            ResizeMode.CanResize;
            Width = 300;
            Height = 300;
            ResizeMode = System.Windows.ResizeMode.NoResize;
            IsFullSize = true;
        }

        private void ShowThumbnailSize()
        {
            ResizeMode = System.Windows.ResizeMode.CanResize;
            Width = 50;
            Height = 50;
            ResizeMode = System.Windows.ResizeMode.NoResize;
            IsFullSize = false;
        }

        private void ArrangeSize(bool MakeMeFullSize = false)
        {
            if (MakeMeFullSize)
                foreach (var t in TopWindowList.Values)
                {
                    if (t.ID == this.ID) t.ShowFullSize();
                    else

                        t.ShowThumbnailSize();
                }
            else
            {
                var q = (from _ in TopWindowList.Values where _.IsFullSize select _).FirstOrDefault();
                if (q == null && TopWindowList.Values.Count > 0)
                {
                    TopWindowList.OrderBy(_ => _.Key);
                    TopWindowList.Values[0].ArrangeDisplay(true);
                }
                if(q!=null)
                {
                    if (q.ID != ID)
                    {
                 
                            ShowThumbnailSize();
                        
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

    }
}


Xaml code
<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window2"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="Window2" Height="300" Width="300" BorderBrush="Gray" BorderThickness="1" ShowInTaskbar="False">
    <Grid>
    <Grid Name="g">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="21*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="111*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="95*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="40*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="150" MinWidth="144"/>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="150" MinWidth="148"/>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Rectangle Name="header" Fill="Gray"   Grid.Row="0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="20" Stroke="Black" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="292" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"  />
        <TextBox  Name="t1" Height="101" Margin="10,0,18,0" Grid.Row="1" TextWrapping="Wrap" AcceptsReturn="True" Text="TextBox" VerticalAlignment="Top" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/>
        <TextBox Name="t2"  Height="89" Margin="10,4,18,0" Grid.Row="2" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="TextBox" VerticalAlignment="Top" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/>
        <Button Content="Send"    Grid.Row="3"  Grid.Column="1" Margin="10,4,17,6"/>
        <Button Content="Close"  Grid.Row="3"  Grid.Column="0" Margin="10,4,10,6"/>
 
    </Grid>
        <Viewbox Name="v" Visibility="Collapsed" >
            <StackPanel>
            <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" >Thumbnail Content </TextBlock>
                <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" >Small Size Shrinkable</TextBlock>
            </StackPanel>
        </Viewbox>
    </Grid>
</Window>


Code To Simulate Windows Mutiple PopUp
private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {

            Observable.Interval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Subscribe((t) =>
            {
                Dispatcher.Invoke(() =>
                {
                    Window2 w = new Window2() { };
                    w.Show();
                    w.ArrangeDisplay();
                });
            });
}